10 steps to 'short sale' buying (© Mike Mergen/Bloomberg/Getty Images)

Foreclosure is a fairly well-understood process, but as "short sale" signs sprout like weeds, you may wonder what they are all about.

When a lender agrees to accept a mortgage payoff amount that is less than what is owed in order to facilitate a sale of the property by a financially distressed owner, it's called a short sale. The lender forgives the remaining balance of the loan.

Everyone loses — or wins
Short sales are a mixed bag for the buyer, the seller and the lender.

If you're a seller, a short sale is likely to damage your credit — but not as badly as a foreclosure. You'll also walk away from your home without a penny from the deal, making it difficult for you to find another place to live.

The buyer gets the property at a reduced price, but the property in all likelihood has its share of problems — think fixer-upper — and will need to go through considerable red tape in order to make the deal happen.

What's your home worth?

The lender takes a financial loss, but perhaps not as large a loss as it might if it forecloses on the property.

Before you even start considering getting involved in a short sale, there are two situations in which an attempt at a short sale is almost certain to fail:

  • No default on loan — Lenders almost never will accept short-sale offers or requests for short sales until the borrower is far behind in payments and a notice of default has been issued.
  • Bankruptcy — If the seller has filed for bankruptcy, forget it. Few, if any, lenders will consider a short sale when the seller has filed for bankruptcy because negotiating a short sale is considered a collection activity and collection activities are prohibited in bankruptcies.

Can it work for you?
Buying a home in a short sale can be a hassle, so why should you consider it? It boils down to the bottom line. You will get the property for a substantial discount. Since the lender is eager to continue to get paid the money it loaned out, it may also offer favorable financing terms.